Titivillus Editing for the Health Sciences: Ref. Styles Compared

Titivillus Editing for the Health Sciences

Preparing Ideas and Research Results for Publication

Timothy DeVinney, Author's Editor and Copy Editor

Titivillus Editorial Services

Procedure: Different Styles for Bibliographies and Reference Lists

What reference style do I want?

Most journals or publishers will give guidelines that should be followed to prepare submissions; but you can also use this page to help identify what style they use.

Key

Description of each style

Examples of reference list entries for:
Article in Journal
Book
Book chapter in edited volume

Sources

Key

-- en dash

Brief description of each style

AMA Numbered; note: for more than 6 authors give only 3 and add "et al.," use hyphen in page range & repeat all digits

APA Author-date; note: for more than 6 authors, list 6 and add "et al."; spell out journal name and set italic; volume no. also italic

CMS15 Numbered notes or author-date: admits many variations in accordance with journal preferences, p. 690; accepts journal or publisher styles that use only initials for author first names (sect. 17.24); article title with or without quotation marks

Elsevier journal: Cognitive Brain Research Numbered

Harvard style Author-date; note: publisher's location comes after publisher's name

Springer-Verlag journal Most journals for Springer use numbered references, some author-date; no period after date in parentheses, journal name abbrev. and set roman, no period at end of entry

Vancouver style: Uniform Requirements for Biomedical Journals Numbered; note: for more than 6 authors, list 6 and follow by "et al." (NLM now lists all authors); journal name abbreviated and set roman; for page range do not repeat any unchanged digits

Examples of reference list entries for:

Article in journal

AMA
23. Busatto GF, Pilowsky L, Costa DC, et al. Correlation between reduced in vivo benzodiazepine receptor binding and severity of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1997;154:1162-1168.

APA
Busatto, G. F., Pilowsky, L., Costa, D. C., Ell, P. J., David, A. S., Lucey, J. V., et al. (1997). Correlation between reduced in vivo benzodiazepine receptor binding and severity of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 1162--1168.

CMS15
Busatto, G. F., L. Pilowsky, D. Costa, P. J. Ell, A. S. David, J. V. Lucey, R. W. Kerwin. 1997. "Correlation between reduced in vivo benzodiazepine receptor binding and severity of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia." American Journal of Psychiatry 154:1162--68.

Elsevier journal (Cognitive Brain Research)
23. G.F. Busatto, L.S. Pilowsky, D.C. Costa, P.J. Ell, A.S. David, J.V. Lucey and R.W. Kerwin, Correlation between reduced in vivo benzodiazepine receptor binding and severity of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia, Am J Psychiatry. 154 (1997) 1162-1168.

Harvard style
Busatto, G. F., Pilowsky, L. S., Costa, D. C., Ell, P. J., David, A. S., Lucey, J. V., and Kerwin, R. W. (1997), "Correlation between reduced in vivo benzodiazepine receptor binding and severity of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia", American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 154, pp. 1162-1168.

Springer-Verlag journal (those that use numbered reference lists)
23. Busatto GF, Pilowsky L, Costa DC, Ell PJ, David AS, Lucey JV, Kerwin RW (1997) Correlation between reduced in vivo benzodiazepine receptor binding and severity of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 154:1162--1168

Vancouver style: Uniform Requirements for Biomedical Journals
23. Busatto GF, Pilowsky L, Costa DC, Ell PJ, David AS, Lucey JV, et al. Correlation between reduced in vivo benzodiazepine receptor binding and severity of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1997;154:1162-8.

Book

AMA
37. Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T. Molecular Cloning. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 1989.

APA
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F., & Maniatis, T (1989). Molecular cloning, 2nd edn. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

CMS15
Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning. 2nd ed. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

Elsevier journal (Cognitive Brain Research)
37. J. Sambrook, E.F. Fritsch and T. Maniatis, Molecular Cloning, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, 1989.

Harvard style
Sambrook, J, Fritsch, EF & Maniatis, T 1989, Molecular cloning, 2nd edn, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York.

Springer-Verlag journal (most journals use numbered references, some author-date)
37. Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989) Molecular cloning, 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York

Vancouver style: Uniform Requirements for Biomedical Journals
37. Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T. Molecular cloning. 2nd ed. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 1989.

Book chapter in edited volume

AMA
24. Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM. Chromosome alterations in human solid tumors. In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, eds. The Genetic Basis of Human Cancer. New York: McGraw-Hill Co; 2002:93-113.

APA
Meltzer P. S., Kallioniemi, A., & Trent, J. M. (2002). Chromosome alterations in human solid tumors. In B. Vogelstein & K. W. Kinzler (Eds.), The genetic basis of human cancer (pp. 93--113). New York: McGraw-Hill.

CMS15
Meltzer, P. S., A. Kallioniemi, and J. M. Trent. 2002. Chromosome alterations in human solid tumors. In The genetic basis of human cancer, ed. B. Vogelstein and K. W. Kinzler, 93--113. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Elsevier journal (Cognitive Brain Research)
24. P.S. Meltzer, A. Kallioniemi and J.M. Trent, Chromosome alterations in human solid tumors. In: B. Vogelstein, K.W. Kinzler (Eds.), The Genetic Basis of Human Cancer, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2002, pp. 93-113.

Harvard style
Meltzer, P. S., Kallioniemi, A,, and Trent, J. M. (2002), Chromosome alterations in human solid tumors, in: Vogelstein B. and Kinzler, K. W. (eds), The genetic basis of human cancer, McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 93-113.

Springer-Verlag journal (note: publisher's location comes after publisher's name)
24. Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM (2002) Chromosome alterations in human solid tumors. In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW (eds) The genetic basis of human cancer. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 93--113

Vancouver style: Uniform Requirements for Biomedical Journals
24. Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM. Chromosome alterations in human solid tumors. In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, editors. The genetic basis of human cancer. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002. p. 93-113.

Sources

AMA American Medical Association Manual of Style. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1998.

APA Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2001.

CMS15 The Chicago Manual of Style. 15th ed. Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago Press, 2003.

Elsevier Available at: http://authors.elsevier.com/JournalDetail.html?PubID=522767&Precis=DESC. Accessed August 28, 2005.

Harvard Monash University Library. Harvard (Author-Date) Style Examples. Available at: http://www.lib.monash.edu.au/tutorials/citing/harvard.html. Accessed December 4, 2005.

Springer-Verlag Personal correspondence, 2002--2005.

Vancouver style: Uniform Requirements for Biomedical Journals International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. ICMJE, 2004. Available at: http://www.icmje.org/ Accessed April 24, 2006.
(Note: for reference citation formatting, this document refers the reader to the NLM version of the Uniform Requirements. Available at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html. Accessed April 24, 2006)

URL for this page: http://www.HeathSciEdit.com/proc-style-ref.htm
© 2003–2009 Timothy DeVinney. Page updated April 24, 2006.